Córdoba

City · c. 757 CE · in Europe

Capital of Emirate of Córdoba (757–929), Caliphate of Córdoba (936–1031).

Shangjing Longquanfu (c. 756–785 CE): Capital of Balhae (756–785).
Nekor (c. 760 CE): Capital of Emirate of Nekor (760–1019).
Naples (c. 763 CE): Capital of Duchy of Naples (763–1137), Kingdom of Sicily (1266–1282), Kingdom of Naples (1285–1805), and 2 more.
Temsamane (c. 750 CE): Capital of Emirate of Nekor (750–760).
Aachen (c. 768 CE): Capital of Kingdom of the Franks (768–843), Middle Franks (855–899), Holy Roman Empire (962–1346), and 1 more.
Malamocco (c. 742 CE): Capital of Republic of Venice (742–810).
Tiaret (c. 778 CE): Capital of Rustamid dynasty (778–909).
Dali (c. 779 CE): Capital of Nanzhao (779–902), Kingdom of Dali (947–1253).
Fez (789 CE): Capital of Idrisids (793–974), Marinid Sultanate (1250–1465), Wattasid dynasty (1472–1554), and 1 more.
Oviedo (c. 724 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Asturias (724–924), Kingdom of Galicia (911–1125).

Around the same time and place

Umayyad conquest of Hispania (711–718 CE): Umayyad forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad crossed from North Africa and conquered most of the Visigothic kingdom within a few years.
Reconquista (718–1492 CE): Centuries-long series of campaigns by Christian kingdoms to take the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim rule, ending with the fall of Granada in 1492.
Battle of Tours (732 CE): Frankish forces under Charles Martel defeated an Umayyad army between Tours and Poitiers, halting Arab expansion into Gaul.
Truro (c. 710 CE): Capital of Cornwall (710–946).
Great Mosque of Córdoba (785 CE): Mosque begun by Abd al-Rahman I in 785, famous for its forest of double-arched columns; it was converted into a cathedral in 1236.
Volubilis (400 BCE – 1710 CE): Capital of Mauretania (212 BCE–42), Idrisids (793–974).
Muslim conquest of the Maghreb (647–709 CE): Arab armies conquered Byzantine North Africa and the Berber lands over six decades, taking Carthage in 698 and reaching the Atlantic.
Battle of Covadonga (c. 722 CE): Asturian forces under Pelagius defeated a Muslim army in the mountains of Asturias, traditionally seen as the start of the Reconquista.