Almohad Caliphate

State · 1139–1343 CE · at its largest around 1206 CE

Berber Muslim movement founded on the teachings of Ibn Tumart that overthrew the Almoravids and ruled North Africa and al-Andalus from Marrakesh, declining after Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212.

On its lands while it lasted

Volubilis (400 BCE – 1710 CE): Capital of Mauretania (212 BCE–42), Idrisids (793–974).
Reconquista (718–1492 CE): Centuries-long series of campaigns by Christian kingdoms to take the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim rule, ending with the fall of Granada in 1492.
Roger II of Sicily (1095 CE – 1154 CE): Norman king of Sicily whose court at Palermo blended Latin, Greek and Arab culture.
Averroes (1126 CE – 1198 CE): Andalusian philosopher, physician and judge from Córdoba whose commentaries on Aristotle deeply influenced Christian scholasticism.
Rabat (1146 CE): Capital of Morocco (1670–today).
Coimbra (c. 1147 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Portugal (1147–1256).
Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa (1212 CE): The allied kings of Castile, Aragon and Navarre crushed the Almohad army, a turning point of the Reconquista.
Tlemcen (c. 1236 CE): Capital of Zayyanid dynasty (1236–1555).
Madrid (c. 1236 CE): Capital of Crown of Castile (1236–1515), Kingdom of Spain (1516–today), Pro-Habsburg Spain (1702–1708), and 3 more.
Tunis (c. 1236 CE): Capital of Hafsid Dynasty (1236–1571), Beylik of Tunis (1706–1881), Republic of Tunisia (1956–today).
Alhambra (c. 1238 CE): Palace and fortress complex in Granada built largely by the Nasrid dynasty from the 13th century, a masterpiece of Islamic architecture.
Lisbon (c. 1256 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Portugal (1256–1910), Portuguese Empire (1502–1823), Portuguese Colonies (1564–1910), and 2 more.
Palma (c. 1279 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Majorca (1279–1343).
Ibn Battuta (c. 1304 CE – 1369 CE): A Moroccan scholar from Tangier who over about 30 years travelled across the Islamic world and beyond, recording his journeys in the Rihla.
Ibn Khaldun (1332 CE – 1406 CE): A North African historian and scholar whose Muqaddimah analysed the rise and fall of dynasties, making him a forerunner of sociology and historiography.