Arab Republic of Egypt

State · 1973–2026 CE · at its largest around 1973 CE

Egypt under the name adopted in 1971, governed successively by Anwar Sadat, who made peace with Israel, and Hosni Mubarak. Mubarak was ousted in the 2011 revolution.

On its lands while it lasted

Naguib Mahfouz (1911 CE – 2006 CE): Egyptian novelist known for the Cairo Trilogy, the first Arabic-language writer to win the Nobel Prize in Literature, in 1988.
Yom Kippur War (1973 CE): Egypt and Syria launched a surprise attack on Israeli positions in Sinai and the Golan Heights; after early Arab gains, Israel counterattacked before a ceasefire.
Assassination of Anwar Sadat (1981 CE): Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, who had made peace with Israel in 1979, was assassinated by Islamist army officers during a military parade in Cairo.
First Intifada (1987–1993 CE): A Palestinian uprising against Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza, with mass protests, strikes and clashes, that lasted until the Oslo Accords.
Egyptian Revolution of 2011 (2011 CE): Mass protests centred on Cairo's Tahrir Square forced President Hosni Mubarak to resign after nearly 30 years in power.
Gaza war (2023 CE): Hamas-led militants attacked southern Israel on 7 October 2023, killing about 1,200 people and taking some 250 hostages; Israel's military campaign in Gaza killed tens of thousands and caused vast destruction.