Araucanía (Mapuche)
State · 1641–1883 CE · at its largest around 1641 CE
Mapuche lands between the Biobío and Toltén rivers, recognised as independent by Spain at the Parliament of Quillín in 1641 and occupied by Chile in 1861–1883.
On its lands while it lasted
- Arauco War (c. 1536–1818 CE): Long-running conflict between the Spanish and the Mapuche of southern Chile, who kept their independence south of the Biobío River.
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