Argentine Confederation

State · 1834–1929 CE · at its largest around 1885 CE

Argentina's era of rival caudillos, gauchos on the open pampas and the iron-fisted rule of Juan Manuel de Rosas. Out of its struggles came the 1853 constitution, and then waves of European immigrants and grain and beef exports that made Argentina rich.

On its lands while it lasted

José de San Martín (1778 CE – 1850 CE): Argentine general who led campaigns that freed Argentina, Chile and Peru from Spanish rule.
Paraná (c. 1834 CE): Capital of Argentine Confederation (1834–1861).
Paraguayan War (1864–1870 CE): War between Paraguay and the alliance of Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay, which devastated Paraguay and killed a large part of its population.
War of the Pacific (1879–1884 CE): Chile fought Bolivia and Peru over the nitrate-rich Atacama Desert, taking Bolivia's coastline and southern Peruvian provinces.
Tango (c. 1880 CE): Partner dance and music that emerged in the working-class districts of Buenos Aires and Montevideo in the late 19th century.
Jorge Luis Borges (1899 CE – 1986 CE): Argentine writer whose short stories and essays, collected in works such as Ficciones, explore labyrinths, infinity and imaginary books.
Pablo Neruda (1904 CE – 1973 CE): Chilean poet and diplomat, author of Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair and Canto General; Nobel Prize in Literature 1971.
Eva Perón (1919 CE – 1952 CE): Argentine First Lady and political figure, known as Evita, who championed labour rights and women's suffrage.