Assyrian Egypt

State · 650–616 BCE · at its largest around 630 BCE

Egypt under Assyrian domination after Esarhaddon and Ashurbanipal drove out the Kushite pharaohs, ruled through local vassal princes such as those of Sais.

On its lands while it lasted

Eridu (c. 5,400–600 BCE): Regarded by the Sumerians as the first city; its temple to the god Enki was rebuilt many times from the Ubaid period onward.
Uruk (c. 5,000 BCE – c. 700 CE): Sumerian city on the Euphrates that by about 3100 BCE was probably the largest city in the world, centre of the first urban civilization.
Tyre (2,750–501 BCE): Capital of Phoenicia (1150 BCE–501 BCE).
Assur (2,500–609 BCE): Capital of Assyria (1800 BCE–901 BCE), Neo-Assyrian Empire (900 BCE–609 BCE).
Babylon (2,201 BCE – 1 CE): Capital of Babylonia (1800 BCE–601 BCE), Neo-Babylonian Empire (600 BCE–539 BCE), Achaemenid Empire (550 BCE–330 BCE).
Nimrud (c. 1,800–612 BCE): Capital of Assyria (1800 BCE–901 BCE).
Nineveh (c. 1,800–612 BCE): Capital of Assyria (1800 BCE–901 BCE).
Dur-Sharrukin (c. 1,800–605 BCE): Capital of Assyria (1800 BCE–901 BCE).
Sidon (c. 1,150–501 BCE): Capital of Phoenicia (1150 BCE–501 BCE).
Tushpa (c. 800–590 BCE): Capital of Kingdom of Urartu (800 BCE–590 BCE).
Incense Route (c. 700 BCE – c. 200 CE): Camel caravans carried frankincense and myrrh from southern Arabia north along the Red Sea hinterland through Nabataean Petra to Gaza on the Mediterranean.
Byzantium (c. 667 BCE – c. 329 CE): Greek colony founded by settlers from Megara on the Bosporus; it was refounded by Constantine as Constantinople in 330 CE.
Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal (c. 645 BCE): Alabaster reliefs from Ashurbanipal's North Palace at Nineveh showing the king hunting lions, regarded as masterpieces of Assyrian art.
Nebuchadnezzar II (c. 642 BCE – 562 BCE): King of Babylon (r. 605–562 BCE) who rebuilt Babylon on a grand scale and conquered Jerusalem, deporting many of its inhabitants.