Bijapur Sultanate

State · 1492–1686 CE · at its largest around 1653 CE

A Deccan sultanate ruled by the Adil Shahi dynasty, one of the successor states of the Bahmani Sultanate, known for the Gol Gumbaz, which was conquered by Aurangzeb in 1686.

On its lands while it lasted

Vijayanagara Empire (1336–1646 CE): South Indian empire founded by Harihara I and Bukka Raya I in 1336, a major patron of Hindu culture and temple architecture.
Vijayanagara (c. 1344–1571 CE): Capital of Vijayanagara Empire (1344–1571).
Bahmani Sultanate (1347–1527 CE): First independent Muslim kingdom of the Deccan, founded at Gulbarga in 1347 and later split into the five Deccan sultanates.
Krishnadevaraya (1471 CE – 1529 CE): Emperor under whom the Vijayanagara Empire reached its height, also a patron of Telugu, Kannada and Sanskrit literature.
Ahilyanagar (c. 1492 CE): Capital of Ahmadnagar Sultanate (1492–1636).
Vijayapura (c. 1492 CE): Capital of Bijapur Sultanate (1492–1686).
Vijaypura District (c. 1492 CE): Capital of Bijapur Sultanate (1492–1686).
Portuguese conquest of Goa (1510 CE): Afonso de Albuquerque captured Goa from the Bijapur Sultanate; it became the capital of Portuguese India until 1961.
Golconda (c. 1519–1591 CE): Capital of Golconda Sultanate (1519–1591).
Battle of Talikota (1565 CE): An alliance of Deccan sultanates defeated Vijayanagara, after which its capital was sacked and abandoned.
Mysore (c. 1572 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Mysore (1572–1799).
Hyderabad (1591 CE): City founded by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah of Golconda in 1591 around the Charminar.
Shivaji (1630 CE – 1680 CE): Founder of the Maratha state who fought the Bijapur Sultanate and the Mughals and was crowned Chhatrapati at Raigad in 1674.
Pondicherry (c. 1673 CE): Capital of French India (1673–1847).
Maratha Empire (1674–1818 CE): Maratha state founded by Shivaji's coronation in 1674, which became the dominant power in India in the 18th century before defeat by the British.