Bourbon Kingdom of France

State · 1815–1847 CE · at its largest around 1842 CE

France after Napoleon's fall, when the Bourbon monarchy was restored under Louis XVIII and Charles X, followed by the July Monarchy of Louis-Philippe from 1830.

On its lands while it lasted

Palmyra (c. 261–1929 CE): Capital of Palmyrene Empire (261–269).
Kingdom of Kongo (c. 1390–1914 CE): Central African kingdom with its capital at Mbanza Kongo; after Portuguese contact in 1483 its rulers adopted Christianity, and it later became deeply entangled in the Atlantic slave trade.
Middle Passage (c. 1526–1866 CE): The forced voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic to the Americas. Of about 12.5 million people embarked between the 16th and 19th centuries, some 1.8 million died on the crossing.
Slave trade, Angola to Brazil (c. 1550–1850 CE): The largest single branch of the Atlantic slave trade carried millions of captives from West Central Africa, above all Luanda, directly to Brazilian ports such as Salvador and Rio de Janeiro, until Brazil ended imports in 1850.
Ashanti Empire (1701–1901 CE): Akan state founded by Osei Tutu with its capital at Kumasi, which grew wealthy on gold and trade and resisted British expansion in a series of wars.
Napoleon (1769 CE – 1821 CE): Corsican-born general who seized power in France in 1799 and crowned himself Emperor in 1804. He conquered much of Europe before his defeat in 1815 and died in exile on Saint Helena.
Ludwig van Beethoven (1770 CE – 1827 CE): Composer born in Bonn who worked in Vienna from 1792. Despite growing deafness he wrote works bridging the Classical and Romantic eras.
Jane Austen (1775 CE – 1817 CE): English novelist whose six novels, including Pride and Prejudice (1813) and Emma (1815), portray the lives of the landed gentry with wit and irony.
Victor Hugo (1802 CE – 1885 CE): French poet, novelist and dramatist of the Romantic movement, author of Notre-Dame de Paris (1831) and Les Misérables (1862), who spent nearly twenty years in exile as an opponent of Napoleon III.
Congress of Vienna (1814–1815 CE): A conference of European states chaired by Metternich in 1814–1815 that redrew the map of Europe after Napoleon's defeat and created a lasting balance of power.
Battle of Waterloo (1815 CE): On 18 June 1815 Wellington's Anglo-allied army and Blücher's Prussians defeated Napoleon near Waterloo in present-day Belgium, ending the Napoleonic Wars.
Gregor Mendel (1822 CE – 1884 CE): Augustinian friar and later abbot in Brno, Moravia, whose experiments on pea plants revealed the basic rules of heredity. His 1866 paper was largely ignored until its rediscovery in 1900.
Louis Pasteur (1822 CE – 1895 CE): French chemist and microbiologist in Paris who developed pasteurisation, supported germ theory and created vaccines against anthrax and rabies.
Claude Monet (1840 CE – 1926 CE): French painter whose Impression, Sunrise gave Impressionism its name. From 1883 he lived at Giverny, where he painted his water garden again and again for the rest of his life.
Friedrich Nietzsche (1844 CE – 1900 CE): German philosopher and classical philologist whose works, including Thus Spoke Zarathustra and Beyond Good and Evil, attacked traditional morality and religion and introduced ideas such as the will to power.