Brazilian Republic

State · 1890–1966 CE · at its largest around 1905 CE

Brazil's Old Republic was run by coffee barons of São Paulo and dairy elites of Minas Gerais in a system of rigged elections known as 'coffee with milk' politics. Its cities grew with European immigrants, and the 1922 Modern Art Week launched a distinctly Brazilian modernism.

On its lands while it lasted

Amazon rubber boom (1879–1912 CE): Demand for natural rubber made Manaus and Belém rich, while indigenous people were subjected to forced labour and violence.
Pablo Neruda (1904 CE – 1973 CE): Chilean poet and diplomat, author of Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair and Canto General; Nobel Prize in Literature 1971.
Christ the Redeemer (1931 CE): Art Deco statue of Jesus Christ on Corcovado mountain above Rio de Janeiro, completed in 1931.
Pelé (1940 CE – 2022 CE): Brazilian footballer who won three World Cups (1958, 1962, 1970) and spent most of his career with Santos; widely regarded as one of the greatest players.
Chico Mendes (1944 CE – 1988 CE): Brazilian rubber tapper and environmentalist who campaigned to protect the Amazon rainforest; murdered by a rancher in 1988.
Brasília (1960 CE): Planned capital of Brazil built in the interior, with a plan by Lúcio Costa and modernist buildings by Oscar Niemeyer; inaugurated in 1960.
1964 Brazilian coup (1964 CE): The armed forces overthrew President João Goulart, beginning a military dictatorship that lasted until 1985.