Caliphate of Córdoba

State · 936–1071 CE · at its largest around 990 CE

The caliphate proclaimed by Abd al-Rahman III in al-Andalus, when Córdoba was among Europe's greatest cities. Civil war broke it apart, and it was abolished in 1031.

In the guided tours

The Islamic Golden Age: The spread of Islam and the flowering of science, philosophy and trade across the caliphates from Spain to Central Asia.

On its lands while it lasted

Volubilis (400 BCE – 1710 CE): Capital of Mauretania (212 BCE–42), Idrisids (793–974).
Reconquista (718–1492 CE): Centuries-long series of campaigns by Christian kingdoms to take the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim rule, ending with the fall of Granada in 1492.
Algiers (944 CE): Capital of Regency of Algiers (1706–1830), Free French (1940–1943), People's Democratic Republic of Algeria (1963–today).
Besalú (c. 988 CE): Capital of County of Besalú (988–989).
Tortosa (c. 1010 CE): Capital of Taifa of Tortosa (1010–1099).
Dénia (c. 1010 CE): Capital of Taifa of Dénia (1010–1227).
Almería (c. 1015 CE): Capital of Taifa of Almería (1015–1147).
Murcia (c. 1015 CE): Capital of Taifa of Murcia (1015–1249).
Huelva (c. 1015 CE): Capital of Taifa of Saltés and Huelva (1015–1051).
Granada (c. 1015 CE): Capital of Taifa of Granada (1015–1090), Emirate of Granada (1241–1491).
Faro (c. 1018 CE): Capital of Taifa of Santa Maria do Algarve (1018–1051).
Seville (c. 1028 CE): Capital of Taifa of Seville (1028–1091).
Algeciras (c. 1035 CE): Capital of Taifa of Algeciras (1035–1058).
Ronda (c. 1040 CE): Capital of Taifa of Ronda (1040–1065).
El Cid (c. 1043 CE – 1099 CE): Castilian knight Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar, who fought for Christian and Muslim rulers and conquered Valencia in 1094; hero of the Cantar de mio Cid.