Cao Wei

State · 224–264 CE · at its largest around 263 CE

The strongest of the Three Kingdoms, built on Cao Cao's power in the north. Its court was home to the poet Cao Zhi and the philosopher Wang Bi, and its rivalry with Shu and Wu became the stuff of legend in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms.

On its lands while it lasted

Ujjain (c. 600 BCE – c. 405 CE): Capital of Janapada of Avanti (600 BCE–405 BCE), Western Satraps (43–405).
Goguryeo (c. 37 BCE – c. 668 CE): Kingdom traditionally founded by Jumong in 37 BCE that grew to rule northern Korea and Manchuria.
Gungnae (c. 3–427 CE): Capital of Goguryeo (3–427).
Zhuge Liang (181 CE – 234 CE): Chancellor of the state of Shu Han, celebrated as a strategist and statesman in Chinese history and legend.
Three Kingdoms period (220–280 CE): After the end of the Han, China was divided among the states of Wei, Shu and Wu.
Luoyang (c. 224 CE): Capital of Cao Wei (224–264), Western Jin (266–420), Eastern Wei (534–550), and 1 more.
Jeju (c. 263 CE): Capital of Tamna (263–1278).