Caucasian Albania

State · 63 BCE – 509 CE · at its largest around 439 CE

Kingdom in the eastern Caucasus, in present-day Azerbaijan and southern Dagestan, long caught between Rome, Parthia and the Sasanians.

On its lands while it lasted

• Mtskheta (c. 63 BCE): Capital of Caucasian Iberia (63 BCE–533).
• Tbilisi (c. 63 BCE): Capital of Caucasian Iberia (63 BCE–533), Principality of Iberia (682–740), Kingdom of Georgia (1122–1466), and 1 more.
• Armaztsikhe (c. 63 BCE – c. 533 CE): Capital of Caucasian Iberia (63 BCE–533).
• Kabalaka (c. 2 BCE – c. 461 CE): Capital of Caucasian Albania (2 BCE–461).
• Armenia adopts Christianity (c. 301 CE): Under King Tiridates III and Gregory the Illuminator, Armenia became the first state to adopt Christianity as its official religion, traditionally dated to 301.
• Armenian alphabet (c. 405 CE): Mesrop Mashtots created the Armenian alphabet, enabling translation of the Bible and the beginning of Armenian literature.

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