Duchy of Aquitaine

State · 990–1439 CE · at its largest around 1085 CE

Large duchy in south-western France; Eleanor of Aquitaine's marriage to Henry II brought it under the English kings, and France took it at the end of the Hundred Years' War.

On its lands while it lasted

Rodez (c. 990 CE): Capital of County of Rouergue (990–1065).
Nevers (c. 1010 CE): Capital of County of Nevers (1010–1520).
Council of Clermont (1095 CE): Pope Urban II called on Western Christians to aid Byzantium and take Jerusalem, launching the First Crusade.
Eleanor of Aquitaine (c. 1122 CE – 1204 CE): Duchess of Aquitaine who was successively queen of France and of England, and mother of the English kings Richard I and John.
Auch (c. 1206 CE): Capital of County of Armagnac (1206–1496).
Poitiers (c. 1206 CE): Capital of County of Poitou (1206–1249).
Albigensian Crusade (1209–1229 CE): Crusade called by Pope Innocent III against the Cathars of southern France, which brought Languedoc under French royal control.
Foix (c. 1236 CE): Capital of County of Foix (1236–1555).
Perpignan (c. 1279 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Majorca (1279–1343).