Duchy of Benevento

State · 577–1084 CE · at its largest around 775 CE

The southernmost Lombard duchy in Italy. It outlived the Frankish conquest of the Lombard kingdom in 774 and became a principality before falling under papal and Norman control.

On its lands while it lasted

Benevento (c. 577 CE): Capital of Duchy of Benevento (577–1081).
Naples (c. 763 CE): Capital of Duchy of Naples (763–1137), Kingdom of Sicily (1266–1282), Kingdom of Naples (1285–1805), and 2 more.
Amalfi (c. 960 CE): Capital of Republic of Amalfi (960–1033).