Duchy of Warsaw

State · 1809–1870 CE · at its largest around 1812 CE

A Polish state created by Napoleon from lands of the Prussian partition and ruled by the King of Saxony, divided after Napoleon's defeat at the Congress of Vienna.

On its lands while it lasted

Königsberg (1255–1945 CE): Capital of Duchy of Prussia (1526–1618), Brandenburg-Prussia (1619–1701).
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749 CE – 1832 CE): German poet, playwright, novelist and scientist who lived in Weimar from 1775. Author of Faust and The Sorrows of Young Werther.
Frédéric Chopin (1810 CE – 1849 CE): Polish composer and pianist who grew up in Warsaw and settled in Paris in 1831. His piano works are central to Romantic music.
Otto von Bismarck (1815 CE – 1898 CE): Prussian statesman who unified Germany through three wars and served as the first Chancellor of the German Empire from 1871 to 1890.
Wanderer above the Sea of Fog (c. 1818 CE): Caspar David Friedrich, working in Dresden, painted this emblem of German Romanticism around 1818.
Meiningen (c. 1820 CE): Capital of Saxe-Meiningen (1820–1870).
Coburg (c. 1836 CE): Capital of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1836–1839).
Gotha (c. 1836 CE): Capital of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1836–1839).
Max Planck (1858 CE – 1947 CE): German theoretical physicist in Berlin whose 1900 hypothesis that energy is emitted in discrete quanta founded quantum theory. He won the 1918 Nobel Prize in Physics.
Dessau (c. 1863–2007 CE): Capital of Duchy of Anhalt (1863–1870).
Dynamite (1867 CE): Alfred Nobel developed dynamite at his factory in Krümmel near Hamburg and patented it in 1867. It made blasting far safer than liquid nitroglycerin.