Electorate of Saxony

State · 1363–1805 CE · at its largest around 1648 CE

A state of the Holy Roman Empire whose rulers held the dignity of prince-elector. Ruled by the Wettin dynasty from 1423, it was the birthplace of the Lutheran Reformation under Frederick the Wise.

On its lands while it lasted

Lutherstadt Wittenberg (c. 1363 CE): Capital of Electorate of Saxony (1363–1547).
Ninety-five Theses (1517 CE): In 1517 Martin Luther circulated his 95 theses against the sale of indulgences in Wittenberg. The dispute that followed launched the Protestant Reformation.
German Peasants' War (1524–1525 CE): A widespread revolt of peasants in German-speaking central Europe in 1524–1525, partly inspired by Reformation ideas. It was crushed by the princes, notably at Frankenhausen in 1525.
Thirty Years' War (1618–1648 CE): A series of wars fought mainly in the Holy Roman Empire from 1618 to 1648, involving most European powers. It devastated Germany, where millions died from fighting, famine and disease.
Johann Sebastian Bach (1685 CE – 1750 CE): German composer and organist, cantor of St Thomas Church in Leipzig from 1723. His works, including the Brandenburg Concertos and St Matthew Passion, are summits of Baroque music.
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749 CE – 1832 CE): German poet, playwright, novelist and scientist who lived in Weimar from 1775. Author of Faust and The Sorrows of Young Werther.