Emirate of Afghanistan

State · 1828–1925 CE · at its largest around 1828 CE

The Afghan state under Barakzai emirs such as Dost Mohammad Khan and Abdur Rahman Khan, which fought wars with Britain before becoming a kingdom.

On its lands while it lasted

Ranjit Singh (1780 CE – 1839 CE): Founder of the Sikh Empire who captured Lahore in 1799 and united the Punjab.
Mirza Ghalib (1797 CE – 1869 CE): Urdu and Persian poet of late Mughal Delhi, celebrated for his ghazals.
The Great Game (c. 1830–1907 CE): Rivalry between the British and Russian empires for influence in Central Asia, Afghanistan and Persia.
First Anglo-Afghan War (1839–1842 CE): British invasion of Afghanistan that ended with the destruction of the retreating army from Kabul in January 1842.
Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848–1849 CE): War that ended with the British annexation of the Punjab.
Indian Rebellion of 1857 (1857–1858 CE): Uprising that began with a mutiny of sepoys at Meerut and spread across northern India, leading to the end of East India Company rule.
Darul Uloom Deoband (1866 CE): Islamic seminary founded in 1866 that gave rise to the influential Deobandi movement.
Muhammad Iqbal (1877 CE – 1938 CE): Poet and philosopher writing in Urdu and Persian whose 1930 address helped inspire the idea of Pakistan.
Jawaharlal Nehru (1889 CE – 1964 CE): Leader in the independence movement and first prime minister of India, serving from 1947 until his death.
Durand Line (1893 CE): Border agreed between British India and the Emir of Afghanistan, now the Afghanistan–Pakistan boundary.
Bhagat Singh (1907 CE – 1931 CE): Revolutionary executed by the British in Lahore at the age of 23, celebrated as a martyr of the independence movement.
New Delhi (1911 CE): In 1911 the capital of British India was moved from Calcutta to Delhi; the new city designed by Lutyens and Baker was inaugurated in 1931.
Indira Gandhi (1917 CE – 1984 CE): India's first female prime minister, who led the country during the 1971 war and the Emergency and was assassinated in 1984.
Jallianwala Bagh massacre (1919 CE): British troops under Reginald Dyer fired on an unarmed crowd in Amritsar, killing hundreds, a turning point in the independence movement.
Non-cooperation movement (1920–1922 CE): Mass campaign led by Gandhi urging Indians to withdraw from British institutions, called off after violence at Chauri Chaura.