Emirate of Córdoba

State · 757–935 CE · at its largest around 757 CE

An independent Muslim emirate in al-Andalus founded by the Umayyad survivor Abd al-Rahman I. Abd al-Rahman III raised it to a caliphate in 929.

On its lands while it lasted

Reconquista (718–1492 CE): Centuries-long series of campaigns by Christian kingdoms to take the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim rule, ending with the fall of Granada in 1492.
Córdoba (c. 757 CE): Capital of Emirate of Córdoba (757–929), Caliphate of Córdoba (936–1031).
Great Mosque of Córdoba (785 CE): Mosque begun by Abd al-Rahman I in 785, famous for its forest of double-arched columns; it was converted into a cathedral in 1236.
Aínsa (c. 825 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Sobrarbe (825–829).
Jaca (c. 830 CE): Capital of County of Aragon (830–921).
La Seu d'Urgell (c. 870 CE): Capital of County of Urgell (870–1413).
Badajoz (875 CE): Capital of Taifa of Badajoz (1010–1151).
Sort (c. 875 CE): Capital of County of Pallars (875–1011), County of Pallars Sobirà (1040–1201).
Burgos (884 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Castile (1065–1235).
Andorra la Vella (900 CE): Capital of Principality of Andorra (1815–today).
Benabarre (c. 900 CE): Capital of County of Ribagorza (900–1084).
Roda de Isábena (c. 900 CE): Capital of County of Ribagorza (900–1084).
Lugo (c. 911 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Galicia (911–1125).
Tui (c. 911 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Galicia (911–1125).