First Bulgarian Empire

State · 682–1017 CE · at its largest around 850 CE

A Bulgar–Slavic state on the lower Danube founded under Asparukh, with capitals at Pliska and Preslav. It peaked under Simeon I and was conquered by Byzantium's Basil II.

On its lands while it lasted

Chufut-Kale (500–1490 CE): Capital of Crimean Khanate (1450–1490).
Ohrid (c. 682 CE): Capital of First Bulgarian Empire (682–1017).
Skopje (c. 682 CE): Capital of First Bulgarian Empire (682–1017), Serbian Empire (1352–1371), Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (1992–today).
Veliki Preslav (c. 682 CE): Capital of First Bulgarian Empire (682–1017).
Pliska (c. 682 CE): Capital of First Bulgarian Empire (682–1017).
Cyrillic script (c. 893 CE): Scholars in the First Bulgarian Empire, probably at Preslav, built a Slavic alphabet mainly from Greek letters; Cyrillic now writes Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian, Serbian and many more.
Hungarian conquest (c. 895 CE): Magyar tribes led by Árpád crossed the Carpathians and settled the Pannonian Basin, laying the foundation of the Hungarian state.
Basil II (958 CE – 1025 CE): Byzantine emperor, called the Bulgar Slayer, who conquered the First Bulgarian Empire and brought Byzantium to its medieval height.
Varangian Guard (988 CE): Byzantine emperor Basil II formed the Varangian Guard around 988 from Norse and Rus’ warriors sent by Vladimir I of Kyiv. This elite imperial bodyguard later also recruited many Anglo-Saxons after 1066.
Buda (c. 1000 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1526), Eastern Hungarian Kingdom (1529–1541).