First Spanish Republic

State · 1873–1876 CE · at its largest around 1873 CE

Spain's first republic, proclaimed after King Amadeo I abdicated, which saw rapid changes of president and ended with the Bourbon restoration.

On its lands while it lasted

Palmyra (c. 261–1929 CE): Capital of Palmyrene Empire (261–269).
Imperial examination system (605–1905 CE): The Sui formalised civil service examinations for selecting officials, a system that lasted until its abolition in 1905.
Joseon (1392–1897 CE): Dynasty founded by Yi Seong-gye with its capital at Hanseong (Seoul); it ruled Korea for five centuries.
Qing dynasty (1636–1912 CE): Hong Taiji proclaimed the Qing dynasty at Mukden; the Manchu dynasty ruled China from 1644 until 1912.
Ashanti Empire (1701–1901 CE): Akan state founded by Osei Tutu with its capital at Kumasi, which grew wealthy on gold and trade and resisted British expansion in a series of wars.
Thomas Edison (1847 CE – 1931 CE): Prolific American inventor and businessman behind the phonograph, practical electric lighting and early motion pictures, working at Menlo Park and West Orange.
British Raj (1858–1947 CE): After the 1857 rebellion the British Crown took direct rule of India from the East India Company, governing until independence in 1947.
José Rizal (1861 CE – 1896 CE): Filipino writer and reformer whose novels exposed Spanish colonial abuses; his execution in Manila in 1896 fuelled the Philippine Revolution.
Rabindranath Tagore (1861 CE – 1941 CE): Bengali poet, writer and composer, in 1913 the first non-European to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.
Henry Ford (1863 CE – 1947 CE): American industrialist who founded the Ford Motor Company in Detroit in 1903 and used the moving assembly line to mass-produce the affordable Model T.
Sun Yat-sen (1866 CE – 1925 CE): Revolutionary leader and first provisional president of the Republic of China, honoured as the "Father of the Nation".
Wilbur and Orville Wright (1867 CE – 1948 CE): American aviation pioneers from Dayton, Ohio, who built and flew the first successful powered, controlled airplane at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, on 17 December 1903. Wilbur died in 1912 and Orville in 1948.
Mahatma Gandhi (1869 CE – 1948 CE): Leader of the Indian independence movement who developed nonviolent mass civil disobedience (satyagraha).
Telephone (1876 CE): Alexander Graham Bell received a US patent for the telephone and made the first successful call in Boston in March 1876.
Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1876 CE – 1948 CE): Leader of the All-India Muslim League and founder of Pakistan, its first Governor-General.