Georgia

State · 567–2026 CE · at its largest around 888 CE

The Georgian state of the southern Caucasus, an early Christian kingdom. Unified under the Bagrationi in the 11th century, it peaked under Queen Tamar and is today an independent republic.

On its lands while it lasted

Uplistsikhe (2,001 BCE – 740 CE): Capital of Principality of Iberia (682–740).
Nokalakevi (1,001 BCE – 700 CE): Capital of Lazica (63 BCE–545), Kingdom of Lazica (638–700).
Kars (c. 886 CE): Capital of Bagratid Armenia (886–1045).
Ani (c. 886–1319 CE): Capital of Bagratid Armenia (886–1045).
Ardanuç (c. 888 CE): Capital of Kingdom of the Iberians (888–999).
Oltu (c. 888 CE): Capital of Kingdom of the Iberians (888–999).
Vedeno (940 CE): Capital of Caucasian Imamate (1828–1858).
Tamar of Georgia (c. 1160 CE – 1213 CE): Queen regnant of Georgia whose reign marked the height of the medieval Georgian kingdom's power and culture.
Akhaltsikhe (1200 CE): Capital of Samtskhe-Saatabago (1468–1506).
Trabzon (c. 1206 CE): Capital of Empire of Trebizond (1206–1461).
Zugdidi (c. 1468 CE): Capital of Principality of Mingrelia (1468–1803).
Sokhumi (c. 1468 CE): Capital of Principality of Abkhazia (1468–1810).
Ozurgeti (c. 1490 CE): Capital of Principality of Guria (1490–1829).
Grozny (1818 CE): Capital of Chechen Republic (1993–2005).
First Chechen War (1994–1996 CE): Russia fought separatists of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria from 1994 to 1996; the Battle of Grozny devastated the city. A second war began in 1999.