Great Jin

State · 1126–1235 CE · at its largest around 1206 CE

Jurchen-led dynasty in northern China founded by Aguda, which destroyed the Liao, seized northern China from the Song, and fell to the Mongols in 1234.

On its lands while it lasted

Imperial examination system (605–1905 CE): The Sui formalised civil service examinations for selecting officials, a system that lasted until its abolition in 1905.
Hanlin Academy (738–1911 CE): Emperor Xuanzong of Tang founded the Hanlin Academy in Chang’an as a body of scholars who drafted imperial documents. Under later dynasties it became an elite institution of top examination graduates, lasting until 1911.
Goryeo (918–1392 CE): Dynasty founded by Wang Geon with its capital at Kaesong; the name Korea derives from it.
Song dynasty (960–1279 CE): Founded by Zhao Kuangyin with its capital at Kaifeng, the Song saw a commercial revolution, paper money and advances in printing and science.
Jin dynasty (Jurchen) (1115–1234 CE): The Jurchen leader Aguda founded the Jin, which destroyed the Liao and conquered northern China from the Song.
Jingkang incident (1127 CE): Jin forces sacked Kaifeng and captured two Song emperors; the court fled south, beginning the Southern Song.
Minamoto no Yoritomo (1147 CE – 1199 CE): Founder of the Kamakura shogunate, the first shogunate of Japan.
Choju-giga (c. 1150 CE): Handscrolls of frogs, hares and monkeys bathing, wrestling and holding mock Buddhist services, kept at Kozan-ji in Kyoto. Their lively brush drawings are often called the first Japanese manga.
Goryeo celadon (c. 1150 CE): Goryeo potters produced jade-green celadon, including inlaid sanggam ware, highly prized across Asia.
Genghis Khan (c. 1162 CE – 1227 CE): Temüjin united the Mongol tribes and, as Genghis Khan, launched conquests that created the largest contiguous land empire in history.
Genpei War (1180–1185 CE): Civil war between the Taira and Minamoto clans, ending in Minamoto victory.
Kamakura shogunate (1192–1333 CE): First military government of Japan, based at Kamakura.
Founding of the Mongol Empire (1206 CE): A great assembly near the source of the Onon River proclaimed Temüjin as Genghis Khan, ruler of all the Mongols.
Xanadu (c. 1206–1439 CE): Capital of Mongol Empire (1206–1293), Northern Yuan (1375–1439).
Kublai Khan (1215 CE – 1294 CE): Grandson of Genghis Khan who founded the Yuan dynasty and completed the Mongol conquest of China.