Greek Dark Ages

State · 1,100–801 BCE · at its largest around 1,000 BCE

Period after the collapse of Mycenaean palace society when Greece saw depopulation, loss of writing and smaller communities, before the rise of the polis.

On its lands while it lasted

• Minoan civilization (c. 3,000–1,100 BCE): Bronze Age civilization centred on Crete, known for palace complexes such as Knossos, vivid frescoes and the undeciphered Linear A script.
• Mycenaean Greece (c. 1,750–1,050 BCE): Last phase of the Bronze Age in mainland Greece, dominated by palace centres such as Mycenae, Pylos and Tiryns, which collapsed around 1200 BCE.
• Thermos (1,500–189 BCE): Capital of Aetolian League (284 BCE–189 BCE).
• Sparta (c. 900 BCE): Dorian city-state in Laconia, famous for its militarised society and its leading role in the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars.
• Pergamon (801 BCE – 62 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Pontus (281 BCE–62), Kingdom of Pergamon (279 BCE–133 BCE).

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