Greenland

State · 1734–1940 CE · at its largest around 1936 CE

Under Danish rule Greenland's Inuit lived by seal hunting and kayak, trading skins and blubber at monopoly trading posts. Lutheran missionaries spread Christianity and literacy in Greenlandic, while the island remained largely closed to outsiders.

On its lands while it lasted

Laki eruption (1783–1784 CE): An eight-month fissure eruption in Iceland in 1783–1784 released vast amounts of fluorine and sulphur dioxide. The resulting famine killed about a fifth of Iceland's population.
Reykjavík (1786 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Iceland (1918–1939), Republic of Iceland (1946–today).
Nansen’s crossing of Greenland (1888 CE): Fridtjof Nansen and five companions landed on the east coast of Greenland and crossed the inland ice on skis to Godthåb (Nuuk), the first recorded crossing of the Greenland ice sheet.
Peary and Henson’s North Pole expedition (1908–1909 CE): Robert Peary, Matthew Henson and four Inuit men, Ootah, Egingwah, Seegloo and Ooqueah, sledged north from Ellesmere Island and in April 1909 claimed to have reached the North Pole. The claim has long been disputed.