Gutian Dynasty

State · 2,100–2,001 BCE · at its largest around 2,100 BCE

Rule over parts of southern Mesopotamia by the Gutians, a people from the Zagros mountains, after the fall of Akkad; they were expelled by Utu-hengal of Uruk.

On its lands while it lasted

Eridu (c. 5,400–600 BCE): Regarded by the Sumerians as the first city; its temple to the god Enki was rebuilt many times from the Ubaid period onward.
Uruk (c. 5,000 BCE – c. 700 CE): Sumerian city on the Euphrates that by about 3100 BCE was probably the largest city in the world, centre of the first urban civilization.
Babylon (2,201 BCE – 1 CE): Capital of Babylonia (1800 BCE–601 BCE), Neo-Babylonian Empire (600 BCE–539 BCE), Achaemenid Empire (550 BCE–330 BCE).
Epic of Gilgamesh (c. 2,100 BCE): An epic about Gilgamesh, king of Uruk, whose earliest Sumerian episodes date to around the Third Dynasty of Ur; it is among the oldest surviving great works of literature.
Ziggurat of Ur (c. 2,100 BCE): A massive stepped temple platform built by Ur-Nammu and his son Shulgi for the moon god Nanna; its lower levels were partly reconstructed in the 20th century.
Code of Ur-Nammu (c. 2,100 BCE): The oldest known surviving law code, from the Third Dynasty of Ur, which prescribed monetary fines for many offences.