Huns

State · 106–425 CE · at its largest around 396 CE

Nomadic people from the steppe whose westward movement drove the Goths into the Roman Empire and who, under Attila, ruled a vast realm in central Europe.

On its lands while it lasted

Uplistsikhe (2,001 BCE – 740 CE): Capital of Principality of Iberia (682–740).
Byzantium (c. 667 BCE – c. 329 CE): Greek colony founded by settlers from Megara on the Bosporus; it was refounded by Constantine as Constantinople in 330 CE.
Panticapaeum (601 BCE – 370 CE): Capital of Cimmerian Bosporus (404 BCE–370).
Ecbatana (c. 550 BCE – c. 1800 CE): Capital of Achaemenid Empire (550 BCE–330 BCE).
Statue of Zeus at Olympia (c. 435 BCE – c. 425 CE): Giant gold-and-ivory seated statue of Zeus by Phidias in his temple at Olympia, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World; lost in the fifth century CE.
Tigranocerta (c. 326 BCE – c. 428 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Armenia (326 BCE–428).
Edirne (125 CE): Capital of Ottoman Empire (1365–1453).
Bursa (202 CE): Capital of Ottoman Empire (1329–1365).
Palmyra (c. 261–1929 CE): Capital of Palmyrene Empire (261–269).
Constantine the Great (c. 272 CE – 337 CE): First Roman emperor to convert to Christianity; he legalised the faith and refounded Byzantium as Constantinople.
Armenia adopts Christianity (c. 301 CE): Under King Tiridates III and Gregory the Illuminator, Armenia became the first state to adopt Christianity as its official religion, traditionally dated to 301.
First Council of Nicaea (325 CE): The first ecumenical council of the Christian church, convened by Constantine the Great, condemned Arianism and adopted the Nicene Creed.
Constantinople (330 CE): Constantine the Great refounded Byzantium as Constantinople, capital of the Roman Empire in the east; as Istanbul it later became the Ottoman capital.
Battle of Adrianople (378 CE): Goths defeated the Eastern Roman army and killed Emperor Valens near Adrianople, a major blow to Roman military power.
Attila (c. 406 CE – 453 CE): Ruler of the Huns who led devastating invasions of the Eastern and Western Roman Empires from his base on the Hungarian plain.