Kingdom of Bhutan

State · 1636–2026 CE · at its largest around 1947 CE

The Himalayan state unified in the 17th century by the Tibetan lama Ngawang Namgyal, the first Zhabdrung, under a dual system of religious and civil rule; it became a hereditary monarchy in 1907.

On its lands while it lasted

• Paro Taktsang (1692 CE): Buddhist monastery built in 1692 on a cliff above the Paro valley in Bhutan, known as the Tiger's Nest.
• British expedition to Tibet (1903–1904 CE): British Indian forces invaded Tibet, fighting at Gyantse before reaching Lhasa.
• Thimphu (c. 1949 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Bhutan (1949–today).
• Sino-Indian War (1962 CE): Brief border war between China and India in the Himalayas, ending in a Chinese victory and ceasefire.

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