Kingdom of Bohemia

State · 1202–1528 CE · at its largest around 1375 CE

Central European kingdom ruled from Prague by the Premyslids, Luxembourgs and later Habsburgs, one of the leading states of the Holy Roman Empire.

On its lands while it lasted

Dresden (1206 CE): Capital of Electorate of Saxony (1547–1805), Kingdom of Saxony (1806–1808).
Kalisz (c. 1210 CE): Capital of Duchy of Kalisz (1210–1219).
Codex Gigas (c. 1229 CE): The largest surviving medieval European manuscript, written at the Benedictine monastery of Podlazice in Bohemia and nicknamed the Devil’s Bible for its full-page picture of the devil. Taken by Swedish troops in 1648, it is in Stockholm.
Battle of Legnica (1241 CE): Mongol forces defeated a Polish and Moravian army under Duke Henry II the Pious in Silesia.
Berlin (1244 CE): Capital of Margraviate of Brandenburg (1260–1414), Electorate of Brandenburg (1422–1618), Brandenburg-Prussia (1619–1701), and 5 more.
Glogow (c. 1250 CE): Capital of Duchy of Glogow (1250–1313).
Brandenburg an der Havel (c. 1260 CE): Capital of Margraviate of Brandenburg (1260–1414), Electorate of Brandenburg (1422–1618).
Legnica (1264 CE): Capital of Duchy of Legnica (1279–1313).
Malbork Castle (1274 CE): Brick castle begun by the Teutonic Knights in 1274, later the order's headquarters; the largest castle in the world by land area.
Jawor (c. 1279 CE): Capital of Duchy of Jawor (1279–1313).
Racibórz (c. 1285 CE): Capital of Duchy of Racibórz (1285–1304).
Lutherstadt Wittenberg (c. 1363 CE): Capital of Electorate of Saxony (1363–1547).
Jan Hus (c. 1370 CE – 1415 CE): Czech priest and reformer whose execution at Constance sparked the Hussite movement, a forerunner of the Protestant Reformation.
Ninety-five Theses (1517 CE): In 1517 Martin Luther circulated his 95 theses against the sale of indulgences in Wittenberg. The dispute that followed launched the Protestant Reformation.
German Peasants' War (1524–1525 CE): A widespread revolt of peasants in German-speaking central Europe in 1524–1525, partly inspired by Reformation ideas. It was crushed by the princes, notably at Frankenhausen in 1525.