Kingdom of Cappadocia

State · 239 BCE – 22 CE · at its largest around 126 BCE

Hellenistic kingdom in central Anatolia ruled by the Ariarathid dynasty and later Archelaus, which became a Roman province under Tiberius.

On its lands while it lasted

• Edessa (302 BCE – 1150 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Osroene (63 BCE–214), County of Edessa (1099–1150).
• Caesarea of Cappadocia (c. 239 BCE – c. 17 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Cappadocia (239 BCE–17).
• Samosata (c. 63 BCE – c. 72 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Commagene (63 BCE–72).
• Battle of Carrhae (53 BCE): A Parthian army of horse archers and armoured cavalry destroyed a Roman army under Marcus Licinius Crassus near Harran, one of Rome's worst defeats.
• Paul the Apostle (c. 5 CE – 64 CE): A Jewish-born missionary from Tarsus whose journeys and letters spread Christianity among non-Jews across the eastern Roman Empire.

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