Kingdom of Georgia

State · 1010–1802 CE · at its largest around 1126 CE

Christian kingdom in the Caucasus unified under the Bagrationi dynasty, which reached its golden age under David IV and Queen Tamar before Mongol invasions and later fragmentation.

On its lands while it lasted

Ani (c. 886–1319 CE): Capital of Bagratid Armenia (886–1045).
Bagaran (c. 886–1045 CE): Capital of Bagratid Armenia (886–1045).
Shirakavan (c. 886–1045 CE): Capital of Bagratid Armenia (886–1045).
Battle of Manzikert (1071 CE): The Seljuk sultan Alp Arslan defeated and captured the Byzantine emperor Romanos IV Diogenes, opening Anatolia to Turkish settlement.
Tamar of Georgia (c. 1160 CE – 1213 CE): Queen regnant of Georgia whose reign marked the height of the medieval Georgian kingdom's power and culture.
Akhaltsikhe (1200 CE): Capital of Samtskhe-Saatabago (1468–1506).
Trabzon (c. 1206 CE): Capital of Empire of Trebizond (1206–1461).
Ercis (c. 1375 CE): Capital of Qara Qoyunlu (1375–1467).
Zugdidi (c. 1468 CE): Capital of Principality of Mingrelia (1468–1803).
Sokhumi (c. 1468 CE): Capital of Principality of Abkhazia (1468–1810).
Gremi (c. 1468 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Kakheti (1468–1762).
Ozurgeti (c. 1490 CE): Capital of Principality of Guria (1490–1829).
Battle of Chaldiran (1514 CE): The Ottoman army of Selim I, using artillery and firearms, defeated Shah Ismail I, securing eastern Anatolia for the Ottomans.