Kingdom of Mapungubwe

State · 1075–1220 CE · at its largest around 1075 CE

Early state centred on Mapungubwe Hill at the Limpopo–Shashe confluence, trading gold and ivory with the Indian Ocean coast; precursor of Great Zimbabwe.

On its lands while it lasted

• Mapungubwe (c. 1075–1220 CE): Capital of an early southern African state at the Limpopo–Shashe confluence, a precursor of Great Zimbabwe, known for its gold objects including the golden rhinoceros.

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