Kingdom of Pergamon

State · 279–127 BCE · at its largest around 164 BCE

Hellenistic kingdom in western Anatolia ruled by the Attalid dynasty, a Roman ally whose last king Attalus III bequeathed it to Rome.

On its lands while it lasted

• Pergamon (801 BCE – 62 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Pontus (281 BCE–62), Kingdom of Pergamon (279 BCE–133 BCE).
• Aristarchus of Samos (c. 310 BCE – 230 BCE): Astronomer who proposed the first known heliocentric model, placing the Sun rather than the Earth at the centre of the known universe.
• Colossus of Rhodes (280–226 BCE): Bronze statue of the sun god Helios at Rhodes, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, toppled by an earthquake in 226 BCE.
• Pergamon Altar (c. 170 BCE): A monumental altar built at Pergamon under King Eumenes II, with a frieze of gods fighting giants; it was reassembled in Berlin's Pergamon Museum.

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