Kingdom of Sardinia

State · 1721–1861 CE · at its largest around 1861 CE

The House of Savoy's kingdom combining Sardinia with Piedmont and Savoy, governed from Turin, which led Italian unification and became the Kingdom of Italy in 1861.

On its lands while it lasted

Corte (c. 1757 CE): Capital of Corsican Republic (1757–1768).
Voltaic pile (1800 CE): Alessandro Volta announced the first electric battery, a stack of zinc and copper discs separated by brine-soaked cloth, in a letter from Como in 1800.
Piacenza (c. 1815 CE): Capital of Duchy of Parma and Piacenza (1815–1859).
Parma (c. 1815 CE): Capital of Duchy of Parma and Piacenza (1815–1859).
Modena (c. 1815 CE): Capital of Duchy of Modena and Reggio (1815–1859).
Expedition of the Thousand (1860 CE): Giuseppe Garibaldi sailed from near Genoa with about a thousand volunteers, landed at Marsala, conquered Sicily and then Naples from the Bourbon Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, a decisive step in Italian unification.
Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy (1861 CE): The first Italian parliament in Turin proclaimed Victor Emmanuel II King of Italy in March 1861. Unification was completed with Venice in 1866 and Rome in 1870.
Turin (c. 1861 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Italy (1861–1865).