Lakhmid Kingdom

State · 270–633 CE · at its largest around 439 CE

Arab kingdom with its capital at al-Hira in southern Iraq, which served as a client and buffer state of the Sasanian Empire.

On its lands while it lasted

• Uruk (c. 5,000 BCE – c. 700 CE): Sumerian city on the Euphrates that by about 3100 BCE was probably the largest city in the world, centre of the first urban civilization.
• Ctesiphon (c. 239 BCE – c. 637 CE): Capital of Parthian Empire (239 BCE–224).
• Al-Hirah (c. 270–602 CE): Capital of Lakhmid Kingdom (270–602).
• Taq Kasra (c. 540 CE): The vaulted audience hall of the Sasanian palace at Ctesiphon, whose brick arch is one of the largest single-span unreinforced brick vaults ever built.

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