Lan Xang

State · 1363–1708 CE · at its largest around 1375 CE

A Lao kingdom founded by Fa Ngum in 1353, its name meaning land of a million elephants. Centred at Luang Prabang and later Vientiane, it split into three rival kingdoms in the early 18th century.

On its lands while it lasted

• Ayutthaya (1351–1767 CE): Capital of the Siamese kingdom of Ayutthaya, founded in 1351, which became one of the largest and most cosmopolitan cities in Asia before it was destroyed by Burmese forces in 1767.
• Lan Xang (1353–1707 CE): Lao kingdom founded by Fa Ngum in 1353, with its early capital at Luang Prabang; it split into rival kingdoms from 1707.
• Luang Prabang (c. 1363 CE): Capital of Lan Xang (1363–1560), Kingdom of Laos (1956–1975).
• Vientiane (1560 CE): Capital of Lan Xang (1560–1707), Kingdom of Laos (1956–1975), Communist Laos (1976–today).
• Huế (c. 1572 CE): Capital of Nguyễn lords (1572–1774), Tây Son dynasty (1789–1802), Nguyễn dynasty (1802–1884).

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