Later Han

State · 947–959 CE · at its largest around 947 CE

Short-lived dynasty of the Five Dynasties period in northern China, founded by the Shatuo general Liu Zhiyuan, with its capital at Kaifeng.

On its lands while it lasted

• Imperial examination system (605–1905 CE): The Sui formalised civil service examinations for selecting officials, a system that lasted until its abolition in 1905.
• Hanlin Academy (738–1911 CE): Emperor Xuanzong of Tang founded the Hanlin Academy in Chang’an as a body of scholars who drafted imperial documents. Under later dynasties it became an elite institution of top examination graduates, lasting until 1911.
• Kaifeng (c. 951 CE): Capital of Later Zhou (951–960).

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