Lebanon

State · 1944–2026 CE · at its largest around 1946 CE

Mediterranean republic that gained independence from French mandate rule in 1943, with power shared among its religious communities. It was devastated by a long civil war from 1975 to 1990.

On its lands while it lasted

Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990 CE): A multi-sided civil war among Lebanese factions, with involvement by Palestinian groups, Syria and Israel, which killed an estimated 120,000 people.
Syrian civil war (2011–2024 CE): Protests against Bashar al-Assad's government in 2011 escalated into a multi-sided war that killed hundreds of thousands and displaced millions, ending with Assad's fall in December 2024.
Beirut port explosion (2020 CE): About 2,750 tonnes of ammonium nitrate stored at the Port of Beirut exploded, killing more than 200 people and devastating much of the city.
Fall of the Assad regime (2024 CE): Rebel forces led by Hayat Tahrir al-Sham captured Damascus in a rapid offensive, ending over 50 years of Assad family rule; Bashar al-Assad fled to Russia.