Livonian Brothers of the Sword

State · 1202–1240 CE · at its largest around 1227 CE

Military order of German crusaders founded by Bishop Albert of Riga to conquer Livonia; after its defeat at Saule in 1236 it merged into the Teutonic Order.

On its lands while it lasted

Jelgava (1226 CE): Capital of Duchy of Courland (1734–1793).