Lu

State · 750–248 BCE · at its largest around 750 BCE

Zhou vassal state in Shandong founded by descendants of the Duke of Zhou, with its capital at Qufu, and the homeland of Confucius; it was annexed by Chu.

On its lands while it lasted

• Spring and Autumn period (770–476 BCE): Era of the Eastern Zhou in which rival states jostled for hegemony, named after the chronicle of the state of Lu.
• Tengzhou (c. 750 BCE): Capital of Teng (750 BCE–451 BCE).
• Confucius (551 BCE – 479 BCE): Philosopher and teacher from the state of Lu whose ideas on ethics, family and government became the foundation of Confucianism.
• Mozi (c. 470 BCE – 391 BCE): Philosopher who founded Mohism, advocating impartial care, opposition to offensive war and meritocratic government.
• Mencius (c. 372 BCE – 289 BCE): Confucian philosopher who argued that human nature is inherently good; revered as the "Second Sage" after Confucius.

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