Majapahit

State · 1294–1518 CE · at its largest around 1363 CE

A Hindu-Buddhist thalassocracy based in eastern Java, founded by Raden Wijaya after repelling the Mongol invasion of 1293. Under Hayam Wuruk and his minister Gajah Mada it claimed influence across much of the Indonesian archipelago.

On its lands while it lasted

Marco Polo’s return voyage from China (1291–1295 CE): After some 17 years in Yuan China, the Polos escorted a Mongol princess to the Ilkhanate, sailing from Quanzhou via Sumatra and India to Hormuz, then travelled overland to Trebizond and home to Venice in 1295.
Majapahit Empire (c. 1293–1527 CE): Hindu-Buddhist thalassocracy based in eastern Java at Trowulan, which reached its height in the 14th century under Hayam Wuruk and his minister Gajah Mada.
Trowulan Temple (c. 1294–1518 CE): Capital of Majapahit (1294–1518).
Mukim Kota Batu (c. 1368 CE): Capital of Sultanate of Brunei (1368–1888).
Cirebon (1389 CE): Capital of Sultanate of Cirebon (1482–1676).
Malacca (1396 CE): Capital of Sultanate of Malacca (1459–1511).
Malacca Sultanate (c. 1400–1511 CE): Sultanate founded by Parameswara around 1400 that became the leading entrepôt of the Strait of Malacca and helped spread Islam through the archipelago.
Jambi (1401 CE): Capital of Sultanate of Jambi (1670–1904).
Maimbung (c. 1459 CE): Capital of Sultanate of Sulu (1459–1879).
Capture of Malacca (1511 CE): Portuguese forces under Afonso de Albuquerque conquered Malacca in 1511, gaining control of the strait and the spice trade.
Sungguminasa (c. 1512 CE): Capital of Sultanate of Gowa (1512–1669).