New Netherland

State · 1622–1802 CE · at its largest around 1642 CE

The Dutch colony in North America along the Hudson River, with its capital at New Amsterdam on Manhattan, which was seized by England in 1664 and renamed New York.

On its lands while it lasted

Plymouth Colony (1620–1691 CE): Colony founded by the Mayflower Pilgrims in Massachusetts, later merged into the Province of Massachusetts Bay.
New York City (1624 CE): Founded as the Dutch trading post New Amsterdam on Manhattan, renamed New York after the English took it in 1664; became the largest city in the United States.
Basseterre (1627 CE): Capital of Saint Kitts (1967–today).
Bridgetown (1628 CE): Capital of Barbados (1967–today).
Boston (1630 CE): Founded by Puritan settlers of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, Boston became a leading port and a centre of the American Revolution.
Willemstad (1634 CE): Capital of Netherlands Antilles (1954–2010).
St. George's (1650 CE): Capital of Grenada (1976–today).
Castries (1650 CE): Capital of Saint Lucia (1979–today).
Benjamin Franklin (1706 CE – 1790 CE): Printer, scientist, inventor and diplomat of Philadelphia; a Founding Father who helped draft the Declaration of Independence and secured the French alliance.
Kingstown (1722 CE): Capital of Saint Vincent (1979–today).
Toussaint Louverture (c. 1743 CE – 1803 CE): Formerly enslaved general who led the Haitian Revolution and governed Saint-Domingue; he was seized by the French and died in prison in France.
US Declaration of Independence (1776 CE): Adopted by the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia on 4 July 1776, it declared the thirteen colonies independent and asserted natural rights.
Simón Bolívar (1783 CE – 1830 CE): Caracas-born leader who led the independence of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia from Spain, known as El Libertador.
US Constitution (1787 CE): Drafted at the Philadelphia Convention in 1787 and in force from 1789, it created the federal government of the United States; the oldest written national constitution in use.
Haitian Revolution (1791–1804 CE): Uprising of enslaved people in the French colony of Saint-Domingue that abolished slavery and created Haiti, the first state founded by formerly enslaved people.