Northern Yuan

State · 1375–1439 CE · at its largest around 1375 CE

Driven from China, the Genghisid khans returned to nomadic life on the steppe, keeping the Yuan name and dreams of reconquest. Feuds with Oirat rivals sapped their power as the Mongols turned back to herding, horse culture and old shamanist traditions.

On its lands while it lasted

• Xanadu (c. 1206–1439 CE): Capital of Mongol Empire (1206–1293), Northern Yuan (1375–1439).
• Karakorum (c. 1220–1388 CE): Capital of the Mongol Empire, walled under Ögedei Khan in 1235; destroyed by Ming forces in 1388.

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