Oghuz Turks

State · 750–1055 CE · at its largest around 970 CE

A Turkic tribal confederation on the steppes east of the Caspian and around the Aral Sea, from which the Seljuks and later Ottomans descended.

On its lands while it lasted

• Al-Biruni (c. 973 CE – 1050 CE): Scholar from Khwarazm who wrote on astronomy, mathematics and geography and produced a detailed study of India after travelling with Mahmud of Ghazni.

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