Old Kingdom of Egypt

State · 2,500–2,201 BCE · at its largest around 2,500 BCE

Age of the pyramid builders, when kings of the 3rd to 6th dynasties ruled a centralized Egypt from Memphis and raised the monuments of Saqqara and Giza.

On its lands while it lasted

Thebes (3,200–801 BCE): Capital of Middle Kingdom of Egypt (2000 BCE–1782 BCE), New Kingdom of Egypt (1500 BCE–801 BCE).
Great Sphinx of Giza (c. 2,500 BCE): A colossal limestone statue with a lion's body and a human head, generally attributed to the Fourth Dynasty pharaoh Khafre.
Seated Scribe (c. 2,500 BCE): Painted limestone statue of a cross-legged scribe with inlaid eyes, made in the Old Kingdom and found at Saqqara in 1850; now in the Louvre.