Qara Qoyunlu

State · 1375–1467 CE · at its largest around 1440 CE

A Turkoman tribal confederation, the Black Sheep, that ruled eastern Anatolia, Azerbaijan, Iraq and western Iran from Tabriz until it was destroyed by the rival Aq Qoyunlu in 1467.

On its lands while it lasted

• Ecbatana (c. 550 BCE – c. 1800 CE): Capital of Achaemenid Empire (550 BCE–330 BCE).
• Ercis (c. 1375 CE): Capital of Qara Qoyunlu (1375–1467).
• Diyarbakir (c. 1407 CE): Capital of Aq Qoyunlu (1407–1468).

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