Republic of Afghanistan

State · 1973–1978 CE · at its largest around 1973 CE

The Afghan republic established when Mohammed Daoud Khan overthrew his cousin King Zahir Shah in 1973. Daoud was killed in the Communist Saur Revolution of 1978.

On its lands while it lasted

Ahmad Shah Massoud (1953 CE – 2001 CE): Afghan commander from the Panjshir Valley who fought the Soviets and later the Taliban; he was assassinated two days before 11 September 2001.