Republic of Azerbaijan

State · 1992–2026 CE · at its largest around 1992 CE

South Caucasus republic on the Caspian Sea that regained independence in 1991, with Baku as its capital. Oil and gas wealth underpin its economy, and it retook Nagorno-Karabakh in 2020–2023.

On its lands while it lasted

First Nagorno-Karabakh War (1988–1994 CE): Armenian and Azerbaijani forces fought over the Armenian-majority enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh; a 1994 ceasefire left Armenian forces in control of the region.
Baku (c. 1992 CE): Capital of Republic of Azerbaijan (1992–today).