Republic of Chile

State · 1812–2026 CE · at its largest around 1905 CE

The South American republic that won independence from Spain through victories at Chacabuco and Maipú under Bernardo O'Higgins and José de San Martín.

On its lands while it lasted

Arauco War (c. 1536–1818 CE): Long-running conflict between the Spanish and the Mapuche of southern Chile, who kept their independence south of the Biobío River.
Crossing of the Andes (1817 CE): San Martín's Army of the Andes crossed the mountains from Mendoza into Chile, one of the most celebrated feats of the wars of independence.
Tacna (c. 1836 CE): Capital of Peru-Bolivian Confederation (1836–1839).
War of the Pacific (1879–1884 CE): Chile fought Bolivia and Peru over the nitrate-rich Atacama Desert, taking Bolivia's coastline and southern Peruvian provinces.
Pablo Neruda (1904 CE – 1973 CE): Chilean poet and diplomat, author of Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair and Canto General; Nobel Prize in Literature 1971.
1960 Valdivia earthquake (1960 CE): The most powerful earthquake ever recorded (magnitude about 9.5) struck southern Chile, triggering a Pacific-wide tsunami.
1973 Chilean coup (1973 CE): On 11 September 1973 the armed forces bombed La Moneda palace and overthrew Allende, beginning Augusto Pinochet's 17-year dictatorship.