Republic of Turkey

State · 1924–2026 CE · at its largest around 1939 CE

The republic proclaimed in 1923 by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk from the Anatolian core of the Ottoman Empire, with Ankara as its capital. Atatürk's reforms secularised the state and modernised its law, script and dress.

On its lands while it lasted

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881 CE – 1938 CE): Founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey, who led the War of Independence and carried out sweeping secularizing and westernizing reforms.
Ankara (c. 1924 CE): Capital of Republic of Turkey (1924–today).
Fall of Mosul (2014 CE): Islamic State militants captured Mosul, Iraq's second-largest city, where their leader proclaimed a caliphate; Iraqi forces retook the city in 2017.
Turkey–Syria earthquakes (2023 CE): Two major earthquakes, of magnitude 7.8 and 7.7, struck southern Turkey and northern Syria, killing more than 50,000 people.