Republic of Vietnam

State · 1956–1975 CE · at its largest around 1956 CE

South Vietnam, the anti-Communist state centred on Saigon that emerged after the 1954 partition of Vietnam. Heavily backed by the United States during the Vietnam War, it fell to North Vietnamese forces in 1975.

On its lands while it lasted

Saigon (1862–1976 CE): Capital of French Indochina (1887–1954).
Pol Pot (1925 CE – 1998 CE): Leader of the Khmer Rouge and of Democratic Kampuchea from 1975 to 1979, whose regime was responsible for the Cambodian genocide.
Vietnam War (1955–1975 CE): War between communist North Vietnam and the US-backed South, which escalated into large-scale American intervention and ended with the fall of Saigon in 1975.
Tet Offensive (1968 CE): Coordinated attacks by North Vietnamese and Viet Cong forces on cities across South Vietnam beginning on 30 January 1968; a military defeat for the attackers but a turning point in US opinion.
My Lai massacre (1968 CE): US soldiers killed several hundred unarmed Vietnamese civilians in the hamlets of Mỹ Lai and Mỹ Khê on 16 March 1968.
Cambodian genocide (1975–1979 CE): Under Pol Pot's Khmer Rouge, an estimated 1.5 to 2 million Cambodians died from execution, forced labour and starvation.
Fall of Saigon (1975 CE): North Vietnamese forces captured Saigon on 30 April 1975, ending the Vietnam War; the city was renamed Ho Chi Minh City.